ما المقصود بالمصطلح "الاكتئاب السريري"؟

يتراوح الاكتئاب في خطورته من اكتئاب خفيف ونوبات مؤقتة من الحزن إلى اكتئاب حاد ومتواصل. يعد الاكتئاب السريري أكثر أشكال الاكتئاب حدة ويُعرف أيضًا بالاكتئاب الكبير أو الاضطراب الاكتئابي الكبير. وهو ليس مماثلاً للاكتئاب الناتج عن الفقدان، مثل وفاة أحد الأحباب، أو حالة مرضية، مثل اضطراب الغدة الدرقية.

وليشخص الطبيب الإصابة بالاكتئاب السريري، يستعين العديد من الأطباء بمعايير أعراض الاضطراب الاكتئابي الكبير المذكورة في الدليل التشخيصي والإحصائي للاضطرابات العقلية (DSM-5) الذي نشرته الجمعية الأمريكية للطب النفسي.

قد تتضمن أعراض الاكتئاب السريري وعلاماته ما يلي:

  • مشاعر الحزن أو الانهيار في البكاء أو انعدام القيمة أو اليأس
  • نوبات الغضب أو التهيّج أو الإحباط، ولو بسبب أشياء صغيرة
  • فقدان الاهتمام أو المتعة في معظم الأنشطة العادية أو كلها، مثل الجنس أو الهوايات أو الرياضة
  • اضطرابات النوم، بما يتضمن الأرق أو النوم المفرط
  • التعب وفقدان الطاقة، حتى إن المهام البسيطة تستهلك جهدًا إضافيًا
  • انخفاض الشهية وفقدان الوزن، أو زيادة الرغبة الشديدة في تناول الطعام وزيادة الوزن
  • القلق أو الهياج أو التململ
  • تباطؤ التفكير أو التحدث أو حركات الجسم
  • الشعور بانعدام القيمة أو الذنب أو التركيز على حالات الفشل السابقة أو لوم الذات
  • صعوبة التفكير والتركيز واتخاذ القرارات وتذكر الأشياء
  • تكرار التفكير في الموت أو التفكير في الانتحار أو معاودتهما أو محاولات الإقدام عليه أو تنفيذه فعليًا
  • مشكلات بدنية غير محددة السبب، مثل ألم الظهر أو حالات الصداع

عادةً ما تكون الأعراض حادة بما يكفي لتسبب مشكلات ملحوظة في العلاقات مع الآخرين أو الأنشطة اليومية مثل العمل أو المدرسة أو الأنشطة الاجتماعية.

يمكن أن يحدث الاكتئاب السريري لأي شخص من أي عمر بما في ذلك الأطفال. ومع ذلك، حتى إن كانت أعراض الاكتئاب السريري حادة، فعادةً ما تتحسن من خلال الاستشارات النفسية أو الأدوية المضادة للاكتئاب أو كلتيهما معًا.

13/05/2017 See more Expert Answers

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